From construction to
finishing
Stairs are necessary in
all houses consisting of more than one storey. Usually, they are made as reinforced
concrete, but more and more often, more modern solutions are used. From the construction to the finishing
of contemporary interiors, there are fashionable open-work staircases or
extremely-looking carpet stairs, which are usually without balustrades. The steps are illuminated eg with
LEDs.
COIL STAIRS
They are relatively
inexpensive, durable, easy to build and can be given virtually any shape. You can use them while building a
house.
The reinforced concrete
stairs may have a cheek, brace or support structure. The reinforced concrete slab of the
slab stairs is based on landing beams or on the wall. Plate stairs can be single, double
speed or winding. The supporting
structure of the cheek steps is made of reinforced concrete cheek beams based
on walls or ceilings. Steps can
be supported on both sides on beams or on one side on the beam and on the other
on the supporting wall.
The steps of the
cantilever stairs are fastened on one side to the wall, while on the other they
remain free. They can also be
embedded in a reinforced concrete beam running halfway through their width.
Ferro-concrete stairs
are poured out when the ceiling is already made. Planking is done before pouring out
and then the reinforcement is laid on it. The
prepared structure is covered with concrete. For
this purpose, C12 / 15 (B15) or C16 / 20 (B20) concrete is used. Ideally, if the stairs will be spilled
one day - this will avoid cracks caused by uneven deformation of the formwork
and shrinkage of concrete.
WOODEN STAIRS
They have a
self-supporting structure, so they do not require additional structural
preparations. They are lighter
than reinforced concrete stairs and do not overwhelm the interior. They are made to order by companies
specializing in their construction. They
are usually mounted at the finishing stage of the house (after laying the
floors on both floors). Wooden
stairs can be made with winding stairs, cantilever, modular or carpet
construction.
The steps of the
cantilever stairs are supported in the middle part by one, two or three
supporting beams. In the case of
simple single-speed stairs, the beams are stretched between the ceiling and the
floor. In case of more
complicated stairs with several runs, it is necessary to make additional
supports.
The construction of the
cheek stairs consists of two beams that support the edge of the steps. In the case of stairs with a complicated
shape, the cheek construction is supported by additional brackets. The stairs with a modular structure
are made of modules (steps connected with brackets) that are fastened to walls
or vertical poles (this solution is used for modular spiral stairs). Modular stairs are a variant of carpet
stairs made exclusively of steps and risers. Their
steps are attached to the walls with special brackets.
STAIR CONSTRUCTION
STAIRS
The steel structure is
relatively light and gives great possibilities to create the shape of stairs. It gives the stairs a more modern
look, emphasizing their lightness. They
are usually imported for construction in parts and assembled here. Such stairs are usually made of
stainless steel and powder coated. The
use of powder coated steel allows you to choose any color of stairs.
FINISHING OF
REINFORCEMENT BOXES
Stairs made of
architectural concrete, characterized by a smooth surface can be painted. As a finishing material, ceramic tiles
(terracotta, clinker or stoneware) are often used, as well as natural stone (eg
granite, basalt, hard sandstone and calcite marbles).
A popular finishing
material is also wood, which gives the stairs a warm character and makes them
pleasant to the touch.
The solid wood is
usually used to finish the steps. Layered
glued wood and small format elements, such as parquet boards, are also
increasingly used. Oak, ash,
beech, cherry, walnut, tek, ipe, iroko, merbau, kempas and bamboo often appear
on the stairs. For the finishing
of reinforced concrete stairs, aluminum, elastic flooring or soft carpet are
also used.
