Traditional solutions
and modern proposals
Ceiling is a horizontal
structural element whose task is to stiffen the house structure, divide into
storeys, transfer loads and isolate rooms on different storeys before
penetrating sounds and heat. Choosing
the right type of ceiling affects not only the cost, but also the time of its
execution. Construction works
Traditional solutions and modern proposals How to avoid thermal bridges?PATH OF
ENERGY SAVINGS To avoid the creation of thermal bridges at the joining of the
ceiling and external walls, care should be taken to ensure proper thermal
insulation of the rim. The
ceiling rim is a reinforced concrete beam, which is much colder than the
material used for external walls. For
this reason, it requires insulation. In
the case of single-layer walls, the outer surface of the rim should be
insulated with a few-centimeter layer of polystyrene or mineral wool and made
of the same material from which the external walls are constructed. This will avoid problems with
plastering walls. It is best to
use systemic elements of wreath insulation for this purpose. In the case of two- and three-layer
walls, the wreaths are made to the full width of the load-bearing wall, and
then the whole is warmed up. If
the sandwich walls are made of warm materials, the roof rim additionally warms
to compensate for the thermal conduction coefficient. This solution requires reducing the
width of the rim by a few centimeters. accelerates
the use of prefabricated elements that are imported to the site and assembled
here. Ceilings prepared entirely
on the construction site are also very popular.
Structure-modified
ceilings, also known as castings, require full decking and supporting with
stamps
Structure-modified
ceilings, also known as castings, require full decking and supporting with
stamps
TYPES OF STROPS ADAPTED
TO WALL TECHNOLOGY
In single-family houses,
reinforced concrete ceilings are most often used. They can be made entirely on site or
assembled from prefabricated elements. Concrete
reinforced ceilings have different constructions - the most popular are coarse
and monolithic.Wooden beams are usually chosen for houses with wooden
structures - in this way, the same material is used for their construction as
for building walls.
IMPORTANT TECHNICAL
PARAMETERS OF STROPS
The choice of ceiling
type affects not only the speed of construction but, above all, the properties
of this inter-story partition.One of the most important parameters of the
ceiling is its spread. It should
be adapted to the planned interior layout - the roof must have adequate
strength and stiffness to safely carry loads (in single-family houses the roof
span usually does not exceed 6 m ). The
number of support spaces (load-bearing walls, beams and columns) depends on the
extent of the ceiling. The
ceiling span is related to its strength - the more solid the ceiling, the
larger it can be. The acoustic
insulation of the ceiling, which depends on its mass, the material it was made
of and the way it is finished, is also of great importance.
COIL COILS
The reinforced concrete
ceilings may be monolithic, from prefabricated slabs and coarse-grained slabs. Thicknesses have a light weight - they
are made of ready-made elements (beams and hollow bricks), which are relatively
light. The use of partial
prefabrication shortens the time of construction of ribbed floors. They do not require time-consuming and
labor-intensive reinforcement and full formwork (the exception is the Ackerman
ceiling, which requires reinforcements and formwork). The span of the ribbed ceiling is
limited by the length of the beams. The
construction of such a ceiling requires the use of mounting supports, the
arrangement of which depends on the span of the ceiling. Ceilings ceilings work best in houses
with a compact body. They can be
made in buildings with a large area.
Completely prefabricated
ceilings are made of ready plates imported for construction. Due to the heavy weight, a crane is
needed for their assembly. The choice
of such a ceiling significantly accelerates the construction, moreover, it is
ready practically immediately after installation. Due to the smooth surface, its
finishing is not labor intensive. Monolithic
ceilings have a relatively smooth surface, which can be finished with a thin
layer of plaster or plaster. They
are usually carried out entirely on site. The
construction of a monolithic ceiling is time-consuming and labor-intensive, as
it usually requires full formwork and precise reinforcement. The Filigran ceiling is an exception -
it does not require traditional formwork or laying a load-bearing
reinforcement, as it is pre-concreted in a prefabricated slab. A monolithic panel is usually made
when the ceiling has a complicated shape.
WOODEN STROPS
They can be used in all
buildings, but they are mainly used in wooden houses. In masonry they are usually made as an
attic ceiling. Wooden ceilings
are light, simple and quick to make and possibly remodel. This type of ceiling without adequate
protection is not fire-resistant. They
are also not as durable and do not isolate as well acoustically as concrete
ceilings. Properly finished,
however, they are a unique decoration of the interior. Wooden ceilings are usually beams,
ribs or beams and ribs.
Beams of solid wood or
prefabricated beams are used for the construction of beam ceilings. The roofing of such a ceiling is
usually made of planks. The beam
ceiling is most often used in brick and wooden houses erected in a traditional
way.
The rib ceiling is made of
densely spaced ribs made of solid wood, glued, as well as wooden, wood-based or
wood-steel I-sections. For the
construction of the ribbed floor plating, plywood, chipboard, OSB boards and
boards are used. This type of
ceiling is usually made in wooden houses with a lightweight skeleton
construction.
The beam-rib beam
ceiling combines the properties of a beam and ribbed ceiling. The supporting elements are made of
beams and ribs (the ribs are supported on beams or attached to them with metal
brackets).
ACOUSTIC AND THERMAL
INSULATION OF THE STROP
The best acoustic
insulation is distinguished by heavy ceilings, eg monolithic reinforced
concrete. The slabs are slightly
worse, acoustically insulated, and wooden ceilings are the worst in this
respect. However, no ceiling will
meet the standard requirements unless an additional silencing layer is
installed above or below it. The
material insulating the ceiling from transferring impact and air sounds is
mineral wool. The way to improve
the acoustic insulation of ceilings is to create, for example, a floating floor
or suspended ceiling with a layer of mineral wool insulation of a suitable
thickness. The application of the
insulation layer also improves the thermal insulation of the ceilings.
FINISHING THE STROP
Reinforced concrete
ceilings in single-family houses from the bottom most often finish with
plaster. The second eagerly used
solution is the suspended ceiling - its construction is made of grate made of
metal profiles. Plasterboard
panels with a smooth surface are installed here. This solution allows virtually any
shape of the ceiling. From the
top side, the floor finish is the floor finish.
Wooden ceilings can also
be finished from the underside with a suspended ceiling - it will cover their
structural elements.Another solution is to leave a bare wooden ceiling
structure, which has decorative qualities. Such
a solution forces its very precise execution. It
is also worth using solid wood to build the ceiling in such a case.
