New possibilities
Greater diversification
of wall construction. Although it
is easiest to build internal walls of the same materials as the external ones,
more and more often, lighter materials are chosen, eg cellular concrete, or
builds light skeletal walls.
High acoustic
parameters. Internal walls not
only give off individual rooms in the space of the house, but also provide
privacy for private households, and their task is also to isolate sounds from
individual interiors. The best in
this respect are the walls built from silicate blocks or acoustic ceramic
blocks. Lower acoustic parameters
may have cellular concrete walls or skeletal walls.
Flexibility in shaping
space. In modern homes, large
open spaces are appreciated more and more, therefore the tendency to limit the
number of internal walls is becoming stronger. Currently, the functionality of the
house is also very important - frequently changing needs force the household
members to make various changes. With
such assumptions, partition walls are eagerly made as skeletal, which is easy
to dismantle if necessary.
INTERNAL CARRIER AND
PARTITION WALLS
The internal walls of
the house can be load-bearing (also called structural) and partition walls. They perform different functions and
are built differently. Internal
load-bearing walls. The task of
internal load-bearing walls is to transfer loads from the ceiling to foundations. Such walls are relatively thick (on
average about 20 cm thick). They are raised together with external
walls. In addition to the
structural function, they are also used to separate rooms in the house.
Internal load-bearing
walls require proper connection with external ones. The best way to connect is to tie the
walls. It involves the insertion
into the external wall to a depth of about 15
cm of hollow blocks or blocks of
inner wall located in every second layer of this barrier.
Partition walls only
serve as partitions separating individual rooms. They are usually raised after the
construction walls have been built. They
are lighter and thinner than they are - they usually have a thickness of 6-12 cm . When
building external walls, you must also keep in mind the stone partition walls,
especially if they have a thickness greater than 9 cm . In this case, the best way to connect
the two walls - the outer wall and the partition wall - is to connect them in
the so-called touch, that is, using galvanized steel anchors.
Plaster plaster can be
applied mechanically in one layer, which accelerates and simplifies the work
Plaster plaster can be
applied mechanically in one layer, which accelerates and simplifies the work
MATERIALS
The partition walls rise
from ceramics, silicates, cellular concrete and expanded clay concrete. For their construction you can also
use plasterboard, gypsum-fiber or fiber-cement mounted on a light grate.
Ceramic walls. Among ceramic materials for erecting
partition walls, traditional solid bricks, perforations and lattices are used,
and most frequently hollow bricks with a thickness of 11.5 cm . Once,
in order for the partition wall to best insulate acoustically, a full brick was
selected for its construction. Bricklaying
is, however, quite labor intensive. The
partition walls made of checker brick and ceramic hollow blocks rise more
quickly. Manufacturers in their
offers today have hollow bricks that can be bricked on a special polyurethane
foam. Masonry works also
accelerate the use of profiled bricks for tongue and groove. With high demands on sound absorption,
manufacturers offer special acoustic hollow bricks with increased acoustic
performance.Partition walls made of ceramics usually have a thickness of 6.5 or 12 cm , although of course it all depends on
the design of the building.
Walls of cellular
concrete. Such baffles are fast
and easy to install, especially from profiled blocks with tongue and groove. The cellular concrete blocks are not
too heavy, so they do not load the ceiling much. They are produced in different
varieties (densities), which is also associated with their weight and a greater
or lesser load on the ceiling (500 varietals are lighter than those of 600
varieties). Due to the fact that
it is easy to prune, it is worth choosing for the construction of arched
partition walls.The thickness of partition walls made of cellular concrete is
usually 12 cm .
Walls made of expanded
clay. Such walls are good for
accumulating heat - they will be heated up slowly and be returned to the rooms. The noise is good. They have a thickness of 9 to 12 cm . They
are gaining more and more buyers.
Skeletal walls. They are an alternative to heavy
masonry walls. They are much
lighter than them, so they do not weigh so much the ceiling and can be put
almost anywhere. They are built
quickly, and finished with plasterboard, gypsum-fiber or fiber-cement panels
create smooth surfaces. The
construction of such walls is made of profi li (usually steel) and it is
enclosed with the above-mentioned plates. To
improve acoustic insulation, the space between the claddings on both sides of
the wall skeleton is tightly filled with mineral wool. The skeletal walls may have a
thickness of 7.5 to 17 cm . An
additional advantage of the skeletal partition walls is their quick and easy
disassembly - if necessary, they can be dismantled relatively quickly.
DRY BUILDING SYSTEMS
Partition walls with a
lightweight frame construction can be built in virtually any room. There are various types of boards on the
market that provide the wall with the right properties.
Plasterboard. This is the most commonly used
cladding layer of the wall skeleton for dry building. Plasterboards are produced in several
types.
Type A boards are made
of a gypsum core covered with a special cardboard on both sides. They are good protection against fire. Such boards are designed for rooms
with a maximum humidity of 70%.
Type H2 plates. This is a special type of
plasterboard. They are
impregnated with a hydrophobic agent, and therefore more resistant to water
vapor than ordinary boards. They
are used in rooms where there is periodic (up to 12 hours a day) elevated
relative humidity to 85% (for example in the bathroom or kitchen).
Type F boards. They are
used wherever the increased resistance to fire is particularly important. These panels thanks to glass fiber
reinforcement can withstand the fire for much longer than normal. Type F boards work well in rooms where
the relative humidity does not exceed 70%.
FH2 type boards. This type of plate also has an
increased resistance to fire. However,
they are used in interiors, where periodically (up to 10 hours a day) there is
increased humidity, which reaches up to 85%.
Internal fiber-cement
boards. They are an alternative
to plasterboard panels. These
lightweight, functional panels are ideal for use both on walls and on ceilings. Their feature is a unique waterproof
membrane on both sides, which makes them extremely resistant to decay and
fungus. In terms of resistance to
moisture and water, they do not give way to brick walls and can be used as a
substrate for tiles, as well as under plastering or painting, they have a
smooth surface. They are also an
ideal solution in situations where light walls and ceilings must withstand
extremely intensive operation (bathrooms, swimming pools, kitchens, basements,
garages, staircases, technical rooms). In
contrast to ordinary plasterboard panels, fiber-cement boards are sound-proof
and fireproof and resistant to decay and fungus. They do not contain any dangerous and
harmful substances or emit fumes that may be a threat to health - these
properties make them ideal for use in rooms where people live and work. These boards are considered a novelty
on the market, although they have been present in manufacturers' offers for
several years.
Internal gypsum fiber
boards. They have been used for
many years. They are very stable,
resistant to loads and have universal use as a building board, fire protection
and designed for humid rooms. The
high strength of the panels works well for walls with different loads, eg
hanging cabinets and shelves can be fixed without an additional supporting
structure. One of the
manufacturers states that a screw with a dowel in a 12.5 mm thick board will carry a load of 50 kg .
These boards are already
impregnated with the soil layer in the production process and can therefore be
painted, walled or tiled immediately. In
this way the rooms are quickly prepared for use, and the walls are economical
in terms of cost and time.
High acoustic insulation
and a good fire resistance class (from 30 to 120 minutes) are also a feature of
gypsum fiber boards.They have identical application areas as fiber-cement
boards.
PAINT FOR INTERIORS
The pigment consists of
a pigment that gives it a color, a binder that binds the pigment particles
during its drying, and a bonding paint with the substrate, and a solvent whose
role is to easily spread the paint during painting (it evaporates when the
paint is drying). Depending on
the type of solvent, we divide the paint into water and solvent. Interior paints must also have the
right covering power, i.e. the ability to paint the previous layer of paint, be
adequately vapor-permeable, have the correct viscosity and density, i.e.
features that determine the method and ease of application.
Due to the so-called
mechanical resistance of the coating, all interior paints are classified in
three groups (types). Type III
includes the cheapest paints, resistant to abrasion and dry friction. Type II includes medium-expensive
products, resistant to washing. Type
I is the most expensive paint, resistant to scrubbing (three times more than
those of type II).
EMULSION, OR HYDROGEN
For painting walls in
interiors, today we mainly use emulsion paints, differently dispersion paints,
which are a kind of water paint.When drying, they do not emit harmful
substances, because they emit only water vapor. In addition, they are efficient and
easy to apply - a liter of emulsion paint is enough to cover 8 to 15 m2 of surface.
Emulsion paints include
products for various interiors that differ in certain properties. They depend on the binder used to make
them. It can be acrylic resin,
latex or polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl acetate. There are also mixed inks on the
market that combine the properties of two types of paint, for example,
latex-vinyl paints. Some of the
properties are also influenced by additives - pigments or refining substances.
TYPES OF EMULSION PAINTS
Acrylic. They have good covering properties,
they form a smooth coating, they are also vapor-permeable. They are suitable for cleaning, but
not for scrubbing (unless the manufacturer enriches their recipe with other
additives and clearly indicates on the packaging that they are resistant to
scrubbing). They have a delicate
gloss, which means that all uneven floors are visible on them.
Latex. They are produced with the
participation of a rubber binder. They
are flexible (well covered with working substrates, eg plasterboard walls). Their advantage is also breathability
and fume resistance. They are
suitable for covering walls in damp rooms (kitchens, bathrooms) and those with
high traffic (foyers, children's rooms).
Vinyl. They contain a binder of polyvinyl
chloride or polyvinyl acetate. They
poorly let out steam, they get dirty quite quickly, but it's easy to wash them
away. They work well in rooms
that can be ventilated - the walls will not leak excess moisture.
Latex-acrylic paints. They give a flexible coating, very
resistant to moisture and mechanical damage, they do not let water vapor. Recommended for bathrooms and kitchens
and children's rooms.
