When building a house,
we must think about the future. This
is related not only to the costs of its maintenance, but also to the new
"Technical Conditions, which should be met by buildings and their
location". How to build a
warm home?
A warm house in
accordance with the regulations
New Technical Conditions
in force since the beginning of 2014 are aimed at limiting the amount of energy
necessary to cover the heat demand of buildings. We are aiming to build
energy-efficient houses - inexpensive in operation, but also more ecological.
A warm house according
to the rules
The new Technical
Conditions put a lot of emphasis on the EP indicator (it determines the demand
for non-renewable primary energy) of new homes. In accordance with the regulations, it
can not exceed 120 kWh / (m² · year) for single-family homes, and from 2017 it
can reach a maximum of 95 kWh / (m² · year), while 2021 - the EP ratio of
single-family buildings it will not be able to exceed 70 kWh / (m² · year).
The changes also apply
to the exterior partitions of the house. Until
recently, in order to build in accordance with the regulations, it was enough
that the U-permeation coefficient of external walls should not exceed 0.3 W /
(m² · K). From 2014, its value
can not be higher than 0.25 W / (m² · K), from 2017 it will have to be lower
than 0.23, not to exceed 0.20 W / (from 2021). m² · K).
However, the changes
implemented do not apply only to the walls. Exaggerations
were also introduced, among others in
relation to roofs, floors on the ground, as well as windows and doors. Before 2014, the maximum value of the
heat transfer coefficient U for roofs could be 0.25 W / (m² · K). At present, they should be performed
in such a way that the U-factor does not exceed 0.20 W / (m² · K). From 2017 it will be able to reach a
maximum of 0.18 W / (m² · K), and from 2021 - 0.15 W / (m² · K). Also, floors on the ground must have
better thermal insulation. From
2014, the U-value of these partitions should not exceed 0.30 W / (m² · K). The changes did not omit the window
and door carpentry. The maximum
U-value of facade windows from 2014 may amount to 1.30 W / (m² · K), roof
windows 1.50 W / (m² · K), and external doors 1.70 W / (m² · K). From 2017 the U-value of facade
windows should not be higher than 1.10 W / (m² · K), roof windows 1.30 W / (m²
· K), and doors 1.50 W / (m² · K). At
the beginning of 2021, a
warm house will have to be equipped with elevation windows with a maximum
U-value of 0.90 W / (m² · K). Roof
windows will not exceed 1.10 W / (m² · K), and the door 1.30 W / (m²K).
Energy-efficient and
passive house
In the case of
energy-efficient houses, the heat transfer coefficient U of external walls
should not exceed 0.20 W / (m2 · K), and in passive buildings it should not be
higher than 0.10-0.15 W / (m² · K). An
indispensable element of external walls, affecting their thermal insulation,
are windows and doors. It is
assumed that an energy-efficient house should be equipped with window and door
carpentry with a U-value not higher than 1.0 W / (m² · K). In the case of passive buildings - it
should not exceed 0.8 W / (m² · K). On
the market, we can easily find products that exceed current requirements.
A warm home for the
future
When planning the
construction of a house, one must be aware that the newly erecting building
that meets the assumptions that entered into force in 2014, will cease to be a
house in 2017 compatible with the prevailing conditions. In 2021, the situation will change
again - buildings complying with the requirements in force from 2017 cease to
be in line with the regulations stricter in 2021. It is worth considering today whether
it is better to now put a building on a warmer building, i.e. one that will be
required by law in a few years. All
the more so because meeting the requirements for partitions and the demand for
non-renewable primary energy can take place based on technologies and materials
already available today.
